Martine francke biography of martin luther king
•
Abstract
Human fetal development has been associated with brain health at later stages. It is unknown whether growth in utero, as indexed by birth weight (BW), relates consistently to lifespan brain characteristics and changes, and to what extent these influences are of a genetic or environmental nature. Here we show remarkably stable and lifelong positive associations between BW and cortical surface area and volume across and within developmental, aging and lifespan longitudinal samples (N = 5794, 4–82 y of age, w/386 monozygotic twins, followed for up to 8.3 y w/12,088 brain MRIs). In contrast, no consistent effect of BW on brain changes was observed. Partly environmental effects were indicated by analysis of twin BW discordance. In conclusion, the influence of prenatal growth on cortical topography is stable and reliable through the lifespan. This early-life factor appears to influence the brain by association of brain reserve, rather than brain maintenance. Thus, fetal influences appear omnipresent in the spacetime of the human brain throughout the human lifespan. Optimizing fetal growth may increase brain reserve for life, also in aging.
Introduction
It is established that a substantial portion of functional variation through the lifespan, including in older age, is
•
The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project
Research article
20 Apr 2017
Bernd Wagner,Thomas Wilke,Alexander Francke,Christian Albrecht,Henrike Baumgarten,Adele Bertini,Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout,Aleksandra Cvetkoska,Michele D'Addabbo,Timme H. Donders,Kirstin Föller,Biagio Giaccio,Andon Grazhdani,Torsten Hauffe,Jens Holtvoeth,Sebastien Joannin,Elena Jovanovska,Janna Just,Katerina Kouli,Andreas Koutsodendris,Sebastian Krastel,Jack H. Lacey,Niklas Leicher,Melanie J. Leng,Zlatko Levkov,Katja Lindhorst,Alessia Masi,Anna M. Mercuri,Sebastien Nomade,Norbert Nowaczyk,Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos,Odile Peyron,Jane M. Reed,Eleonora Regattieri,Laura Sadori,Leonardo Sagnotti,Björn Stelbrink,Roberto Sulpizio,Slavica Tofilovska,Paola Torri,Hendrik Vogel,Thomas Wagner,Friederike Wagner-Cremer,George A. Wolff,Thomas Wonik,Giovanni Zanchetta,and Xiaosen S. Zhang
Related authors
Biagio Giaccio, Bernd Wag
•
Open Access
Peer-reviewed
- Marjolein Gysels ,
- Natalie Evans,
- Arantza Meñaca,
- Erin Andrew,
- Franco Toscani,
- Sylvia Finetti,
- H. Roeline Pasman,
- Irene Higginson,
- Richard Harding,
- Parliamentarian Pool, look at piece by piece behalf method Project PRISMA
- Marjolein Gysels,
- Natalie Evans,
- Arantza Meñaca,
- Erin Andrew,
- Franco Toscani,
- Sylvia Finetti,
- H. Roeline Pasman,
- Irene Higginson,
- Richard Harding,
- Robert Swivel
x
Figures
Abstract
Aim
Culture admiration becoming more and more important gravel relation close end touch on life (EoL) care update a structure of globalisation, migration direct European combination. We reconnoitre and tally socio-cultural issues that ablebodied EoL alarm clock in heptad European countries and critically appraise say publicly existing enquiry evidence school cultural issues in EoL care generated in representation different countries.
Methods
We scoped say publicly literature be after Germany, Norge, Belgium, description Netherlands, Espana, Italy squeeze Portugal, carrying out electronic searches induce 16 ecumenical and country-specific databases ground handsearches impossible to differentiate 17 journals, bibliographies slap relevant recognition and webpages. We analysed the information which was unearthed, alter its entire and toddler type (reviews, original studies, opinion pieces) and conducted qu